Error reference

Vernier surfaces evaluation errors as typed Python exception classes re-exported from each paradigm namespace (vernier.instance, vernier.panoptic, vernier.semantic). Each is a subclass of either ValueError (data / config errors the caller could have prevented) or RuntimeError (state-machine or coordination errors that arise mid-run). The stringified message is the canonical, human-readable explanation produced by the Rust EvalError::Display impl; attributes carry structured data callers may branch on.

Python class	Rust variant	Base	Trigger
`InvalidAnnotationError`	`InvalidAnnotation`	`ValueError`	GT annotation references unknown image_id / category_id; DT has malformed segmentation or keypoints
`NonFiniteError`	`NonFinite`	`ValueError`	NaN / inf in detection score or coordinate
`DimensionMismatchError`	`DimensionMismatch`	`ValueError`	RLE / mask geometry disagrees; partial table cross-axis shape mismatch
`InvalidConfigError`	`InvalidConfig`	`ValueError`	unrecognized field on `EvaluateParams`, bad manifest version, IoU threshold absent from ladder
`OutOfBudgetError`	`OutOfBudget`	`RuntimeError`	streaming evaluator's `memory_budget_bytes` exceeded
`QueueFullError`	(FFI-local)	`RuntimeError`	`BackgroundEvaluator.submit(timeout=0.0)` on a full channel
`PartialFormatMismatch`	`PartialFormatMismatch`	`RuntimeError`	partial blob magic / version / CRC / kernel kind rejected
`PartialDatasetMismatch`	`PartialDatasetMismatch`	`RuntimeError`	partial's `dataset_hash` doesn't match the live dataset
`PartialParamsMismatch`	`PartialParamsMismatch`	`RuntimeError`	partial's `params_hash` doesn't match this evaluator's
`PartialPartitionOverlap`	`PartialPartitionOverlap`	`RuntimeError`	two ranks evaluated the same image (sampler bug)
`PartialRankCollision`	`PartialRankCollision`	`RuntimeError`	two strict-mode partials declare the same `rank_id`
(generic `ValueError`)	`Json`	`ValueError`	input GT / DT bytes are not valid JSON
(generic `ValueError`)	`Mask`	`ValueError`	mask codec / polygon rasterization failed
(generic `ValueError`)	`LvisFederatedConflict`	`ValueError`	LVIS GT puts a category in both `not_exhaustive` and `neg` for one image
(generic `ValueError`)	`MissingFrequency`	`ValueError`	LVIS GT category records lack a `frequency` field
(generic `ValueError`)	`PerPairOverflow`	`ValueError`	`per_pair` table row count exceeded `per_pair_max_rows`
`NotImplementedError`	`NotImplemented`	(built-in)	feature wired but not yet implemented in v0